What is a hoof abscess?
A hoof abscess occurs when bacteria track into and infect the sensitive tissues of the hoof, creating a pocket of pus within the hoof capsule. Although this pocket may be relatively small, the build-up of pressure this causes within the hoof becomes extremely painful and severe lameness can develop.
Hoof abscesses can develop whenever bacteria gain access to the inner hoof capsule. This can happen through hoof cracks and defects, or any object that penetrates the hoof. We tend to see an increase in cases with wet, muddy weather, particularly after prolonged dry periods.
Signs to look out for?
- Obvious or significant lameness, which is often quite sudden in onset. This may be seen as limping at the walk or refusing to bear any weight on the limb.
- The hoof may be hot to touch
- An increased or bounding digital pulse may be felt
- In some cases, there can be swelling of the pastern area
How do we treat hoof abscesses?
To effectively treat the hoof abscess, we need to locate and drain the pocket of pus from within the hoof. Localizing the abscess is generally achieved by applying hoof testers to the horse’s sole and finding the most sensitive area, which usually overlies the infection. The hoof is then very carefully pared away to find and drain the pocket of pus. Once drainage is established, the pressure buildup from the infection is relieved and there is usually a significant improvement in lameness (this may not be immediate but within 24 hours). The hoof is then wrapped to protect further debris from entering the abscess tract and the defect grows out over time.
Sometimes the infection may be deep or difficult to localize. In these cases, prolonged wrapping, soaking or poulticing of the foot is required to soften the hoof and expose the abscess.
In some cases, particularly if lameness persists or the horse has repeated episodes of abscessation, x-rays of the hoof are indicated to guide ongoing treatment. Antibiotic treatment is not indicated for a simple hoof abscess and may be harmful to your horse if administered inappropriately.
If left untreated, the abscess can cause excessive underrun sole, track upwards and rupture at the coronary band causing ongoing hoof distortion, or cause infection of the pedal bone. Prompt intervention and drainage gives your horse the best chance of success!
How to prevent your horse from getting a hoof abscess?
Providing regular farriery to create a healthy, well- balanced hoof is paramount. This prevents the development of diseased or cracked soles and walls which would allow bacteria to enter the hoof capsule.
Regularly cleaning out your horse’s feet will also remove any debris build-up that could create disease or tracts allowing bacterial infection.
What should you do if you suspect your horse has a foot abscess?
- Remove the horse from any excessively wet, muddy areas.
- Clean out the hoof thoroughly, ensuring all dirt and debris are removed.
- Apply a wet poultice (e.g. Animalintex or Equitex poultice) and secure this to the foot with elastoplast. An extra layer of duct tape can be applied for extra durability. A treatment boot may also be used to apply the poultice.
*Note: When bandaging the foot Rip-rap, Cohesive or Vet Wrap bandages should not be applied directly to the coronary band or skin. - Call your farrier or veterinarian for further advice.
If your horse becomes severely lame, it is very important to differentiate suspected foot abscessation from other reasons for severe lameness, such as a fracture, soft tissue injury or joint infection.
If you have any concerns, we are always available to discuss your horse on 03 5725 1464.
